In a medium bowl, whisk together the flour, baking soda, ginger, cinnamon, cloves, nutmeg, and salt. Set aside.
In a large bowl, beat the butter, brown sugar, and granulated sugar together on high speed for about 2 minutes, until creamy and light. The butter should be soft but still cool to the touch at this point.
Beat in the molasses until combined, then add the egg and vanilla and beat for about 1 minute, scraping down the sides of the bowl as needed.
With the mixer on low speed, mix in the dry ingredients until just combined. The dough will be soft and slightly sticky, not firm.
Cover the dough and chill it for at least 1 hour, or up to 3 days.
Preheat your oven to 350°F (177°C). Line two baking sheets with parchment paper or silicone baking mats. If the dough chilled longer than 2 hours, let it sit at room temperature for about 30 minutes first.
Scoop the dough into 1 tablespoon portions and roll each into a ball. Roll each ball in the granulated or coarse sugar until fully coated, then space them 3 inches apart on the prepared baking sheets.
Bake for 11 to 12 minutes, until the edges look set but the centers still look a little underdone. If the tops haven't cracked, bang the pan firmly on the counter 2 to 3 times, then return them to the oven for 1 more minute.
Let the cookies cool on the baking sheet for 5 minutes before moving them to a wire rack to cool completely.