Preheat oven to 350°F (175°C).
Line a baking sheet with parchment paper or lightly grease it.
In a medium bowl, whisk together flour, baking soda, baking powder, and salt. Set aside.
In a large bowl, beat butter and sugar until light and fluffy (about 2-3 minutes).
Rub the lemon zest into the sugar before mixing to boost the flavor.
Mix in egg, lemon juice, and vanilla extract until smooth.
Gradually add the dry ingredients to the wet mixture and mix until just combined.
Scoop about 1 tablespoon of dough, roll into a ball, and coat in granulated sugar.
Place dough balls 2 inches apart on the baking sheet.
Bake for 8-10 minutes, until the edges are just lightly golden.
Let cool on the baking sheet for a few minutes before transferring to a wire rack.