Preheat oven to 350°F and line two cookie sheets with parchment paper.
Beat the softened butter with an electric mixer until light and fluffy, about 20 seconds.
Add the powdered sugar, vanilla, salt, cinnamon, ginger, nutmeg, allspice, cloves, and molasses. Mix until smooth and evenly combined.
Add the flour and mix until a dough forms. The mixture will look dry and crumbly at first, keep mixing until it comes together into a soft dough.
Scoop 1 tablespoon of dough and place on the prepared cookie sheet, spacing about an inch apart.
Bake for 10 to 12 minutes, until the bottoms are just slightly browned. Pull them as soon as the bottoms turn golden.
Let the cookies cool for about a minute, then roll each one in powdered sugar while still warm. Transfer to a wire rack to cool completely.
Once fully cooled, roll the cookies in powdered sugar a second time for a thick, snowy coating.